Polyethylene – PE
Polyethylene (PE), one of the most prevalent polymers in modern life, is a thermoplastic resin derived from the polymerization of ethylene. Its extensive use in the food industry is crucial for increasing the durability and preservation of food products.
There are several variants of polyethylene, each with unique characteristics and specific applications:
- High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE)
- Linear Low-Density Polyethylene (LLDPE)
- Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE)
- Metallocene Linear Low-Density Polyethylene (mLLDPE)
- Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA)
These variations of PE are employed in various processing methods, such as blow molding, injection molding, rotomolding, and extrusion. This diversity of processes allows for the creation of a wide range of products, from flexible packaging to high-performance pipes for drainage, sewage, irrigation, and electrical and telecommunications cable conduits.
PE, belonging to the thermoplastic family, is notable for its ability to deform under heat, withstanding temperatures between -100°C and 120°C without altering its chemical composition.
HDPE stands out for its linear chemical structure, giving it greater density, crystallinity, strength, and opacity. This version of polyethylene is highly resistant to corrosion, chemical attacks, and electrolytic or galvanic actions, and does not retain oxygen or carbon dioxide..
Globally, about 100 million tons of plastic materials are produced annually from HDPE. Of this total, approximately 30% is used for blow molding bottles and food packaging; 25% for injection molding in buckets, crates, and household utensils; 30% in extrusion for films, laminates, and pipes; and the remaining 15% for wires and cables.
In addition to its numerous advantages, HDPE is the second most recyclable resin in the world, making its recycling a sustainable and viable practice. This resin is commonly recycled into a variety of products, from toys to bags and barrels.
In the global market, the packaging segment consumes about 75% of HDPE, while the construction industry uses between 10% and 15%.
mLLDPE is a modern version of LLDPE that offers superior mechanical properties, such as greater tear and tensile strength. It is ideal for applications requiring greater durability and flexibility, such as high-performance packaging and agricultural films.
EVA is a flexible and transparent copolymer known for its excellent clarity and shine, as well as good resistance to low temperatures and impacts. It is widely used in applications ranging from shoe soles to hot melt adhesives, as well as toys and sports equipment.
Common applications of PE include:
- Production of plastic films
- Manufacture of bottles and household utensils
- Plasticization of various products
- Packaging for chemical products
- Pipes